Editorial transparency

Corrections Policy

Science changes, and the record must show that change rather than quietly hiding it.

Record states

Research records can be marked Published, Corrected, Expression of concern, Retracted or Superseded. The state appears with the evidence review.

Material corrections

When a correction changes numbers, interpretation or evidence status, we update the article, note the review date and explain the effect on the conclusion.

Retractions

Retracted research remains visible for transparency but is prominently labeled and excluded from normal topic-level evidence counts and summaries.